Tampaknya blog ini telah mulai jadi rujukan mahasiswa yang mata kuliahnya aplikasi operasi Linux. ? Ada satu pertanyaan masuk soal port – port di Linux, ada yang jenisnya reserved/trusted (1024 port pertama-tama) dan well known service (WKS). Tugasnya, dimana kita memperoleh nama layanannya dan port berapa yang digunakan dari pada Linux itu sendiri.
Secara praktek dunia nyata betul-betul jarang kita perlu tahu apa named servicenya, tinggal terima jadi saja, tapi kita dapat dengan gampang memperoleh informasi ini dengan membaca file /etc/services:
less /etc/servicesDan isinya sangatlah panjang:
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery
smtp 25/tcp mail
smtp 25/udp mail
time 37/tcp timserver
time 37/udp timserver
rlp 39/tcp resource # resource location
rlp 39/udp resource # resource location
nameserver 42/tcp name # IEN 116
nameserver 42/udp name # IEN 116
nicname 43/tcp whois
nicname 43/udp whois
tacacs 49/tcp # Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
tacacs 49/udp # Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
re-mail-ck 50/tcp # Remote Mail Checking Protocol
re-mail-ck 50/udp # Remote Mail Checking Protocol
domain 53/tcp # name-domain server
domain 53/udp
whois++ 63/tcp whoispp
whois++ 63/udp whoispp
bootps 67/tcp # BOOTP server
bootps 67/udp
bootpc 68/tcp dhcpc # BOOTP client
bootpc 68/udp dhcpc
tftp 69/tcp
tftp 69/udp
gopher 70/tcp # Internet Gopher
gopher 70/udp
netrjs-1 71/tcp # Remote Job Service
netrjs-1 71/udp # Remote Job Service
netrjs-2 72/tcp # Remote Job Service
netrjs-2 72/udp # Remote Job Service
netrjs-3 73/tcp # Remote Job Service
netrjs-3 73/udp # Remote Job Service
netrjs-4 74/tcp # Remote Job Service
netrjs-4 74/udp # Remote Job Service
finger 79/tcp
finger 79/udp
http 80/tcp www www-http # WorldWideWeb HTTP
http 80/udp www www-http # HyperText Transfer Protocol
http 80/sctp # HyperText Transfer Protocol
kerberos 88/tcp kerberos5 krb5 # Kerberos v5
kerberos 88/udp kerberos5 krb5 # Kerberos v5
supdup 95/tcp
supdup 95/udp
hostname 101/tcp hostnames # usually from sri-nic
hostname 101/udp hostnames # usually from sri-nic
iso-tsap 102/tcp tsap # part of ISODE.
csnet-ns 105/tcp cso # also used by CSO name server
csnet-ns 105/udp cso
# unfortunately the poppassd (Eudora) uses a port which has already
# been assigned to a different service. We list the poppassd as an
# alias here. This should work for programs asking for this service.
# (due to a bug in inetd the 3com-tsmux line is disabled)
#3com-tsmux 106/tcp poppassd
#3com-tsmux 106/udp poppassd
rtelnet 107/tcp # Remote Telnet
rtelnet 107/udp
pop2 109/tcp pop-2 postoffice # POP version 2
pop2 109/udp pop-2
pop3 110/tcp pop-3 # POP version 3
pop3 110/udp pop-3
sunrpc 111/tcp portmapper rpcbind # RPC 4.0 portmapper TCP
sunrpc 111/udp portmapper rpcbind # RPC 4.0 portmapper UDP
auth 113/tcp authentication tap ident
auth 113/udp authentication tap ident
sftp 115/tcp
sftp 115/udp
uucp-path 117/tcp
uucp-path 117/udp
nntp 119/tcp readnews untp # USENET News Transfer Protocol
nntp 119/udp readnews untp # USENET News Transfer Protocol
ntp 123/tcp
ntp 123/udp # Network Time Protocol
netbios-ns 137/tcp # NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-ns 137/udp
netbios-dgm 138/tcp # NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-dgm 138/udp
netbios-ssn 139/tcp # NETBIOS session service
netbios-ssn 139/udp
imap 143/tcp imap2 # Interim Mail Access Proto v2
imap 143/udp imap2
snmp 161/tcp # Simple Net Mgmt Proto
snmp 161/udp # Simple Net Mgmt Proto
snmptrap 162/tcp # SNMPTRAP
snmptrap 162/udp snmp-trap # Traps for SNMP
cmip-man
163/tcp # ISO mgmt over IP (CMOT)
cmip-man 163/udp
cmip-agent 164/tcp
cmip-agent 164/udp
mailq 174/tcp # MAILQ
mailq 174/udp # MAILQ
xdmcp 177/tcp # X Display Mgr. Control Proto
xdmcp 177/udp
nextstep 178/tcp NeXTStep NextStep # NeXTStep window
nextstep 178/udp NeXTStep NextStep # server
bgp 179/tcp # Border Gateway Proto.
bgp 179/udp
bgp 179/sctp
prospero 191/tcp # Cliff Neuman's Prospero
prospero 191/udp
irc 194/tcp # Internet Relay Chat
irc 194/udp
smux 199/tcp # SNMP Unix Multiplexer
smux 199/udp
at-rtmp 201/tcp # AppleTalk routing
at-rtmp 201/udp
at-nbp 202/tcp # AppleTalk name binding
at-nbp 202/udp
at-echo 204/tcp # AppleTalk echo
at-echo 204/udp
at-zis 206/tcp # AppleTalk zone information
at-zis 206/udp
qmtp 209/tcp # Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
qmtp 209/udp # Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
z39.50 210/tcp z3950 z39-50 wais # NISO Z39.50 database
z39.50 210/udp z3950 z39-50 wais
ipx 213/tcp # IPX
ipx 213/udp
imap3 220/tcp # Interactive Mail Access
imap3 220/udp # Protocol v3
link 245/tcp ttylink
link 245/udp ttylink
gist 270/udp # Q-mode encapsulation for GIST messages
fatserv 347/tcp # Fatmen Server
fatserv 347/udp # Fatmen Server
rsvp_tunnel 363/tcp rsvp-tunnel
rsvp_tunnel 363/udp rsvp-tunnel
odmr 366/tcp # odmr required by fetchmail
odmr 366/udp # odmr required by fetchmail
rpc2portmap 369/tcp
rpc2portmap 369/udp # Coda portmapper
codaauth2 370/tcp
codaauth2 370/udp # Coda authentication server
ulistproc 372/tcp ulistserv # UNIX Listserv
ulistproc 372/udp ulistserv
ldap 389/tcp
ldap 389/udp
osb-sd 400/tcp # Oracle Secure Backup
osb-sd 400/udp # Oracle Secure Backup
svrloc 427/tcp # Server Location Protocl
svrloc 427/udp # Server Location Protocl
mobileip-agent 434/tcp
mobileip-agent 434/udp
mobilip-mn 435/tcp
mobilip-mn 435/udp
https 443/tcp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
https 443/udp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
https 443/sctp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
snpp 444/tcp # Simple Network Paging Protocol
snpp 444/udp # Simple Network Paging Protocol
microsoft-ds 445/tcp
microsoft-ds 445/udp
kpasswd 464/tcp kpwd # Kerberos passwd
kpasswd 464/udp kpwd # Kerberos passwd
photuris 468/tcp
photuris 468/udp
saft 487/tcp # Simple Asynchronous File Transfer
saft 487/udp # Simple Asynchronous File Transfer
gss-http 488/tcp
gss-http 488/udp
pim-rp-disc 496/tcp
pim-rp-disc 496/udp
isakmp 500/tcp
isakmp 500/udp
gdomap 538/tcp # GNUstep distributed objects
gdomap 538/udp # GNUstep distributed objects
iiop 535/tcp
iiop 535/udp
dhcpv6-client 546/tcp
dhcpv6-client 546/udp
dhcpv6-server 547/tcp
dhcpv6-server 547/udp
rtsp 554/tcp # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
rtsp 554/udp # Real Time Stream Control Protocol
nntps 563/tcp # NNTP over SSL
nntps 563/udp # NNTP over SSL
whoami 565/tcp
whoami 565/udp
submission 587/tcp msa # mail message submission
submission 587/udp msa # mail message submission
npmp-local 610/tcp dqs313_qmaster # npmp-local / DQS
npmp-local 610/udp dqs313_qmaster # npmp-local / DQS
npmp-gui 611/tcp dqs313_execd # npmp-gui / DQS
npmp-gui 611/udp dqs313_execd # npmp-gui / DQS
hmmp-ind 612/tcp dqs313_intercell # HMMP Indication / DQS
hmmp-ind 612/udp dqs313_intercell # HMMP Indication / DQS
ipp 631/tcp # Internet Printing Protocol
ipp 631/udp # Internet Printing Protocol
ldaps 636/tcp # LDAP over SSL
ldaps 636/udp # LDAP over SSL
acap 674/tcp
acap 674/udp
ha-cluster 694/tcp # Heartbeat HA-cluster
ha-cluster 694/udp # Heartbeat HA-cluster
kerberos-adm 749/tcp # Kerberos `kadmin' (v5)
kerberos-adm 749/udp # kerberos administration
kerberos-iv 750/udp kerberos4 kerberos-sec kdc loadav
kerberos-iv 750/tcp kerberos4 kerberos-sec kdc rfile
webster 765/tcp # Network dictionary
webster 765/udp
phonebook 767/tcp # Network phonebook
phonebook 767/udp
rsync 873/tcp # rsync
rsync 873/udp # rsync
#rquotad unreserved in IANA!
rquotad 875/tcp # rquota daemon
#rquotad unreserved in IANA!
rquotad 875/udp # rquota daemon
telnets 992/tcp
telnets 992/udp
imaps 993/tcp # IMAP over SSL
imaps 993/udp # IMAP over SSL
pop3s 995/tcp # POP-3 over SSL
pop3s 995/udp # POP-3 over SSL
..
..
Saya potong hasilnya hingga port 995 karena kalau semuanya dapat hingga port 40000 demikianlah dan ada puluhan ribu baris karena ada revisinya pun. Kalau sahabat ingin tahu lengkapnya dapat cek sendiri atau buka link dari IANA dibawah.
Fungsinya file /etc/services ini ialah selaku database lokal bagi nama layanan dan port yang diasosiasikannya dan tahu gunakan TCP atau UDP transfer datanya.
Teorinya seluruh program/program yang dapat menggunakan port karenanya dapat gunakan nama layanannya pun.
Referensi tambahan bagi bahan yang sama dan penjelasan kenapanya:
- https://www.cs.clemson.edu/course/cpsc424/material/TCP%20UDP%20Services/etc-services.pdf
- https://books.google.co.id/books?id=X-l9NX3iemACpg=PA18lpg=PA18dq=tcp+port+numbers+oddsource=blots=Z2ldr6KT4Msig=ffg6z-CAz4vSgU8ccHJyrPafcekhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=odd%20port%20numbersf=false
- https://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/unix3/upt/ch46_02.htm
- https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml
Sumber https://servernesia.com